Outsourcing Information Technology and Security Essay Example for Free

Outsourcing Information Technology and Security Essay This can be defined as the employment done to another company by an organization for the service provision in information technology or security services rather than the use of the corporate workers in the performance of such a duty. With the growing intensity of commercial activities the concepts of strategic management has been of importance in formulating various structures and economies in the business activity. Managers have consistently understood the role played by external outsourcing. Such is done is the recognition of the economies of scale and economies in the cost factor which the organization would have been affected. The Elite Supercars can be voted in as one of the global organizations where outsourcing has never been compromised. However a deep concern into the principles of economies of cost factor have been put into consideration. Firstly, an importance is attached to the scale of adequacy in terms of levels of ability for the service provider. Since the provision of both the information technology and security services call for technical pursuits from the providers, the choice of service providers has been in recognition of their technical abilities and competencies. Either, the outsourcing activity has still been in evaluation of the cost parameters. Through this activity, the company was to get a relatively lower scale in its costs. However, a scrutiny and evaluation was done by the management in accordance with the cost factors in choosing various clients against their quality of services. The choice of the clients by the company was indeed a compliment of lower costing service sales above high quality service inputs. Above all other factors, the evaluation of the environmental factors in the activity was a factor. However the two choices were complimentarily environmental friendly within the organizational setup With Elite Supercars, outsourcing information technology and security has been important complements in its activities. This is a car manufacturing company with its roots at Singapore. However to it, outsourcing of the above two corporate factors draws a question of high concern. Firstly, with its increased manufacturing activity, the company had to outsource development of various software useful in the organization’s processes. In the 1st November 2006, the company’s CEO released a press release, where it had contracted the Northern Ferrari Hire for developing an outsourcing program through the web marketing. This was to involve various software on strategic marketing modalities. Perhaps, the impressive sales turn over embraced by the company can be credited to this fact. Through the program, the company is able to adequately provide an attractive package of marketing services to its customers. Through this method, customers have closer relationship with the company where it can adequately communicate with them through the Internet. Suchan, Charles, 2006) Some various examples show the implementation success of this activity. This activity by the organization’s implementation of the program has even driven it to its extended boundaries of its activities. The program was provisional and to a strategy in various accounting components. Firstly, it was a way of optimal costing. As an important tool in an organization, optimal costing implies efficiency in the activity performance. Optimal costing is also seen as the economical method in use of organizational resources. To the Elite Supercars, outsourcing of information technology is a complement of various efficiency-costing benefits. The information outsourcing therefore shows a big success in the company’s costing system where it has obtained various efficiencies related to the program. Through use of an external supply, the organization had various benefits ascribed to it in terms of the costs. Like an external contract, the activity itself was less costing than the use of its own staff. Either, this activity by its own required a high scale of technological know how about it. In regard to its inexperienced employees, outsourcing is still fundamental in the implementation success of the program. Elite Supercars was not strong and able enough to provide the set of competent staff allied to this facility. Either well, to the organization, the provision of a set of technical staff on information technology was not economical enough in relation to the cost factor of the broad organizational activity. However to the company, perhaps the greatest benefit from the project was the consequent development and growth of its sales turn over. Since the enactment of program, the company has continued to experience high sales volume. Above this, there have been various efficiencies in terms of the marketing factor. There has been a continued reduction in the cost of marketing through the various effecienciess and economies of scale borne out of the process. (Cantwell, Alfonso, Granstrand, 2004) Outsourcing, by the Elite Supercars on security has been fundamentally one its management activities. From the past experience in insecurity and theft of its cars at their manufacturing site, the company had to seek refuge of finding a storage facility for its cars. To the company, it chose to use the facility of storage that had been constructed by Dutch Authorities. With the same storage facility, the organization experiences lower cases of theft (if any) to its highly priced cars. Formerly, the increasing state of loss of cars had become a problem which threatened the company in being out of the industry. It had continued to get higher levels of losses through the theft of its cars. At one level therefore, the facility offered cost saving attributes through reduced scales of care theft. (Domberger, 1998) The move to use the storage facility provided by the Dutch Authorities was perhaps one of it strategic management goals. Construction of its own facility was a factor seen as increasing the level of its cost factor consequently. The construction of its own shortage facility was to involve a high level of cost factor compared to the level of its operational capacity. This is an attribute of success in the implementation of the program. Since prevention of car from theft was still a factor of consideration, the opportunity cost of not constructing its own facility was basically to be through the use of another facility. Otherwise, the loss that could accrue from the loss of the cars through theft was far beyond the cost outlay got from the payment to the external shortage. Therefore, the security outsourcing program was itself a factor of high attribute in the success of the company’s activities. To the current period, security problem is no longer an issue and the company continues to embrace the broad economies allied to these out sources. Broadly therefore, outsourcing activity by the company shows a strategic management tool towards the organization activity. The company embraces the long run benefits of these two programs.

freud Essay -- essays research papers

Freud: The Idea of â€Å"Repression† In the â€Å"Second Lecture† of Sigmund Freud he uses the concept of â€Å"repression† and he gives the explanation of it as the origin of a lot of mental illness such as hysteria. Freud associates the symptom to a will conflict. He defines it as a perversion of the will because involuntarily an inhibited intention emerges. It is the premise of the dissociation. Freud explains the hysteria through the repression mechanism with a comparative study. First the subject is susceptible to pretend to elude the fulfillment of an unpleasant obligation. The second, is referred a conception of the human being like whom cannot dominate everything by himself; the subject’s ethical and other standards were the repressing forces. In this essay, I disagree with Sigmund Freud theory of â€Å"repression†, He doesn’t give a detail information of the causes of the mental disorders, and he doesn’t gives enough examples to understand his theory. I think that Freud’s explanation is inadequate to explain why people have mental disorders. It is verified how the hypnosis is still used to obtain the revelation of the significant origin of the symptoms of mental disorders. That’s the origin of the repressed memory therapy that Freud discovered with his patients. Freud says â€Å" Staring out from the mechanism of cure, it now become possible to construct quite definite ideas of the origin of the illness†. Of course there are a lot of mental illnesses that are kn...

Rivera’s Pan American Unity: Economic Themes from the North and South

Throughout the late 1920’s many American patrons of the arts had attempted to bring the famous Mexican muralist, Diego Rivera, to the United States for commissioned works. It wasn’t until September of 1930 that Rivera finally arrived in San Francisco to paint. His wife, the famous painter Frida Khalo, whom he had recently married, accompanied him. Fellow artist and instructor at the California Academy of Arts, Ralph Stackpole, had recommended to Timothy Pflueger that he use Rivera for a new project he was working on, the Pacific Stock Exchange. This turned out to be a fruitful relationship with the successful completion of Allegory of California, in the stock exchange building. Nearly 10 years later and his last appearance in the US, Pflueger asked Rivera to return to San Francisco to be part of Golden Gate International Exposition of 1939/40. The fruit of those laborers is his Pan American Unity, the themes of which will be explored in further detail here. Timothy Pflueger commissioned the painting, Pan American Unity. It was a replacement for an art exhibit of European masters on loan for 1939. Pflueger was a well-known architect in San Francisco, having built the Medical Dental Skyscraper on Sutter and worked on the Pacific Stock Exchange building. Jeremy Long LALS – 14 Landau July 6, 2014 Rivera’s painting are often controversial and spark debate in all kinds of circles, whether it be for his political affiliations or the subject matter of the paintings themselves. In a way, Pan American Unity avoids some of this controversy with his themes of unification and harmony. One might think that the North and South, in this case the United States and Mexico, stand diametrically opposed to one another, but Rivera sought to unite them in common themes. He showed how the labors of the Mexican farmers and ingenious people were not that dis-similar from the backbreaking work of the Detroit autoworkers. Most, if not all, scenes depicted show Mexicans and Americans side by side through their struggles for freedom. The theme of economic differences between the North and South are evident in the many portrayals of the Mexican people, who are most often seen in traditional dress of centuries past. On the other hand, the American people are shown as a fully modern people with technology and ingenuity. The two ideas aren’t completely contradictory and Rivera seems to imply that you cannot have one without the other. The technology of the present is only informed by the progress of the ast and the same will be true of our future. Both America and Mexico have much to learn from and share with the other and only in this way can we truly achieve a greatness beyond the accomplishments of today. In another section of the mural, Stalin and Hitler are reviled for their crimes, creeping like a noxious gas over the painting stand in opposition to the Founding Fathers of the United States; a very interesting view point from an avowed socialist and often communist leader of Mexico. Somewhat of a local celebrity at the time, a City College of San Francisco diver appears twice in the painting, springing from the center of the painting and arching over the figures below as fountain of hope and prosperity. Even his patron, Pflueger, makes an appearance in the painting, being shown with blueprints directing the construction of his now famous office building. While Pflueger died before he could find a permanent place for Rivera’s great and last work in San Francisco, his son, whom assumed the duties of design for the City College of San Francisco and the changes necessary to allow for the display of Rivera’s work. Diego Rivera’s Pan American Unity, strove to strike a balance between the natural forces of this world and the human desires of good and evil. He accomplished this by including elements of the North’s technological dominance, the South’s agricultural heritage, the evils of Nazism and Stalinism, and the eloquence and beauty of nature and the Bay Area, which all combine to strengthen the economic message of the painting’s central them of unity.

Low Wage Social Dumping - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1732 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/09/14 Category Advertising Essay Tags: Minimum Wage Essay Did you like this example? Group 3 LOW WAGE SOCIAL DUMPING PREPARED BY: Shams Baiani Hsin-Yun Chen Sreekrishna Gourneni Hemanth Jayaram Yu-Wen Kao Dhaval Shah Darshit Trivedi Prepared in the partial fulfillment for the requirement of course IMS 6204 – 556 GLOBAL BUSINESS Fall 2010 Dr. Habte Woldu September 14, 2010 ? DEFINITION What is Dumping? Dumping is generally used in the context of international trade law, where dumping is defined as the act of a manufacturer in one country exporting a product to another country at a price which is either below the price it charges in its home market or is below its costs of production. What is Social Dumping? Social dumping† is defined as a term (with a negative connotation) that is used to describe a temporary or transitory movement of labor, whereby employers use workers from one country or area in another country or area where the cost of labor is usually more expensive, thus saving money and potentially increasing profit. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Low Wage Social Dumping" essay for you Create order Social Dumping refers to an unfair advantage in international trade. It results from differences in direct and indirect labor costs, which constitute a significant competitive advantage for enterprises in one country, with possible negative consequences for social and labor standards in other countries. 6] TYPES OF SOCIAL DUMPING 1. Social Dumping a. Social dumping is the process whereby a transnational organization shifts production from a country with relatively high-employment costs to a country with lower costs. b. Examples of Social Dumping are Production of Shoes by Nike in the third world countries. 2. Product Dumping a. The act of a Manufacturer/firm in one country exporting a product to another country at a price which is either below the price it charges in its home markets or below its costs of production. b. Exporting Products that are considered illegal in one country to another country where it’s not illegal. . Examples for Product Dumping are Japanese Automobile s sold in United States, Baby Pacifiers exported by United States that cause choking problems. 3. Environmental Dumping a. Environmental dumping is the practice of Trans frontier shipment of waste (household waste, industrial/nuclear waste, etc. ) from one country to another. b. Examples Ship Dismantling in India. 4. Cultural Dumping a. Cultural Dumping is the unfair competition caused by cultural barriers aiding local firms. b. Examples: Long working hours by Indian IT professionals working in United States. 5. Financial services dumping . Fianancial Services dumping is the unfair competition because of country’s low capital/asset ratio. b. Exports due to low exchange rates. CAUSES FOR SOCIAL DUMPING Technology – Technological innovations, particularly in the field of information and communication, have played and still do play a central role without doubt. The Internet represents a symbol for globalization in many respects. Transport – The enormous increase in trade as a further central element of commercial globalization results the fact that transport costs have sunk rapidly, and goods can be transported more quickly. End of the Cold War – The end of the Cold War is also frequently named as a cause. Whereas the world was divided up into two camps during the East-West conflict, this separating influence crumbled in the years following 1989/90 following the fall of the Iron Curtain. The former Eastern Bloc countries have opened their borders to the world market. [4] Global Problems – Global problems have played a central role, above all at a conscious level. The presence of â€Å"one world stores† in the highly developed industrial nations is not the only evidence of this. Liberalization – Globalization critics in particular, such as the ATTAC network, continually point out that we are not dealing with an inevitable process, but that globalization, in essence, is more the result of deregulation policies under the leadership of the USA since the Second World War. Without the liberalization of world trade within the framework of GATT or the WTO, these developments would, in fact, have been unthinkable. [1] EVOLUTION OF SOCIAL DUMPING 1974 – 1980:– US congress under pressure from Labor unions had included a provision requiring President to raise subjects of ‘Fair Labor Standards’ in the GATT framework. Same time European countries suggested minimum labor standards be included to provide tariff preference and financial aid to the African, Caribbean and Pacific countries. 1980 – 1990:– Added social clause for labor in textile and chemical industries. Protection of human minded groups against human right but the developed nation won’t be able to compete with the low wage of the developing nations and use the political powers to lower the standards. They referred this to as the ‘race to the bottom’. But there can be no race to the bottom without any domestic distortions and constraints on tax subsidiary. Another similar concept they came across was ‘psychological spillovers’. [5] 1990s – The difference in hourly wages of the EU nations: Germany $26 and Portugal $5. U. S and UK have good and healthy working conditions and not child or forced labor but with low employment protection such as layoff restriction, minimum wages, unemployment benefits etc. In late 90’s almost 5 million workers lost their jobs due to corporate recruiting and they were compelled to take a lower wage job. Pay cuts of 30% and 55% with a lower pay option led to the new public policy amongst workers. [3] Present situation – firms in high – labor ountries will be free to relocate their operations strengthening their work force and exert downward pressure on the wages and working conditions. Employment totals more than 150 million with almost 2million people changing the job on a monthly basis. As per OECD, U. S has the highest reemployment factor of 2. Future situation â⠂¬â€œ By 2015, roughly 3. 4 million business – processing jobs for U. S firms will be performed abroad. INTERNATIONAL TRADE What’s international trade? International trade is exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories. Globalization, multinational corporations, and outsourcing are all having a great impact on the international trade system. [15] International trade is mostly restricted to trade in goods and services, and only to a lesser extent to trade in other factors of production, such as capital and labors. The year since the Second World War, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was the only multilateral instrument governing international trade from 1948 until the World Trade Organization (WTO) was established in 1995. [14] Take two free trade agreements NAFTA and EU for example. Close economic integration between the US and Mexico borders, Mexico supplies cheap labor but with lax enforcement of health, safety, and environmental standards. United States supplies the consumer market and derives the profit but facing further wage cuts and the unemployment. And EU on the other hand, there are indeed significant differences among EU countries in wages and fringe benefits. Employers in high wage countries are broadly supportive of the Social Charter, which aims to counteract social dumping via long-term upward harmonization† of labor standards and social policies. What’s next? Aroused by the issue, anti-dumping measures are regarded as a solution for many people. A more comprehensive answer to the question of social dumping will have to take into account other factors in the investment location decision, such as education and skill levels, infrastructural development, land costs, transportation costs, and the particular costs of multinational operations. [16] RECENT TRENDS AND EXAMPLES OF SOCIAL DUMPING Social dumping has come into existence since the beginning of industrialization and has increased geometrically since the advent of globalization. The lower wages in a different part of the country or in a different country, lack of proper enforcement of human rights and employee rights have made social dumping to appear attractive to producers as it provides an opportunity for maximizing profits. The recent trends in social dumping can be divided into two sections. Trends in labor standards: 1)Recently with the exposure given by the media, and the rising awareness by consumers about the low (or absent) labor standards, companies have resorted to creating a better image for themselves by providing better living conditions to the workers. 8] 2)In addition to pressure from the consumer organizations like ECE (Evaluation Committees of Experts) has been enforcing the bills being passed such as International Development and Finance. [9] 3)The host nations are bringing laws into effect that would prevent their labor force from being exploited. Foreign companies have to follow a set of laid out rules to operate in their country. [12] Trends in operating procedures: 1)The very objective that companies are achieving by moving the production works to low wage regions is â€Å"higher profits†. Despite all the exposure and the laws preventing over exploitation of labor, producers have somehow not decreased their profit margins. [6] 2)Producers have moved to countries where labor standards are more flexible and labor is cheaper. It was considered that relocating and training the new staff was more cost effective than continuing in a region with high restrictions. FUTURE OF SOCIAL DUMPING Increased labor immigration has led to problems with social dumping in some industries. Social dumping is deemed to be present both if foreign employees are subject to breaches of health, safety and working environment regulations and if they are paid wages that are unacceptably low. The Government’s action plan against social dumping contains measures that are intended to contribute to the necessary regulations being put in place and to ensure compliance with the regulations. Dealing with foreign labor in accordance with the rules and preventing social dumping are significant factors in this. 11] [7] By development of economics rather than trade sanction, the standard for labor will be promoted and social dumping will be eased. The problem of social dumping is the product based on capital market derived from the uneven development of globalized economics. Therefore, the solution for social dumping must be proceeding in the overall framework of globalization. [13] REFERENCES 1. Product dumping, labor dumping its all the same https://wistechnology. com/articles/4 068/ 2. Dumping https://www. authorstream. om/Presentation/Docker-315709-dumping-20101-kashif-business-finance-ppt-powerpoint/ 3. Environmental dumping https://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Environmental_dumping 4. https://www. guardian. co. uk/politics/2009/feb/03/trade-unions-lindsey-strikes 5. https://www. amicustheunion. org/pdf/ 6. NECC%20Social%20Dumping%20February%202004. pdf 7. https://www. eurofound. europa. eu/areas/industrialrelations/dictionary/definitions/socialdumping. htm 8. https://www. voxeu. com/index. php? q=node/213 9. https://ec. europa. eu/trade/tackling-unfair-trade/trade-defence/anti-dumping/index_en. tm 10. https://trade. ec. europa. eu/doclib/docs/2006/september/tradoc_129812. pdf 11. https://www. antidumpingpublishing. com/ 12. https://www. regjeringen. no/en/dep/aid/topics/The-working-environment-and-safety/social-dumping. html? id=9381 13. https://www. eurofound. europa. eu/eiro/2010/03/articles/dk1003031i. html 14. https://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Wiki 15. Jou rnal article by Sheldon Friedman; Challenge, Vol. 35, 1992 p. 27 16. Journal article by Christopher L. Erickson, Sarosh Kuruvilla; Industrial Labor

Classical Model of Decision Making - 2120 Words

International Journal of Business and Management June, 2008 The Classical Model of Decision Making Has Been Accepted as not providing an Accurate Account of How People Typically Make Decisions Bin Li Foreign Languages Department, Guang Dong University of Finance Guangzhou, 510521, China E-mail: viclee_0221@163.com Abstract Decision making is an accepted part of everyday human life. People all make varying importance decisions every day, thus the idea that decision making can be a rather difficult action may seem so strange and unbelievable. However, a large number of empirical studies have shown that most people in organizations are much poorer at decision making. Therefore, people began to pay more attention to understand hot to make a†¦show more content†¦According to the research by Robbins (2003), he considered that classical model of decision making could not fully represent how people make decisions in organizations, because people do not know how accurate the data is used to make decisions, how reliable are the estimates of the probabilities and how useful the data is related to the event. 151 Vol. 3, No. 6 International Journal of Business and Management Besides all above reasons, there are others evidence to challenge classical assumptions, which to demonstrate classical decision making model is not providing an accurate account of how people typically make decisions. In general, based on the research by Robbins (2003), he summarized all the assumptions of classical decision making model illustrated in Chart 2. Robbins (2003) considered that all these assumptions are subjective and can not represent the real situation in the practice. Cole (2004) also agreed with that all these assumptions would be correct as people in a completely perfect world where does not exist. Moreover, all these assumptions would be disadvantages as people could not discover this model entirely relies on the accuracy of the data used and must require qualitative input to give complete picture. Based on the disadvantages of classical model of decision making, in the following section, it is going to stick to the sequence of classical model of decision making to challenge its assumptions in details one by one. 3. Further analysisShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Classical Rational Models Of Decision Making775 Words   |  4 Pageslearned that when it comes to making conclusions regarding someone else, judging them is not a plausible act. There are, however, decision making processes that can possibly let us understand how an individual comes to difficult decisions. 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This constant change often brings about greater economics challenges. Thus, we can strongly contend to the fact that the state of today’s economic isn’t as found in the 18th or 19th and so on. Moreover, economic theorists presented with these robust economic challenges often time build up on each other. ThatRead MoreMacroeconomic Theories Of Macroeconomics And Classical Economics999 Words   |  4 Pagesa branch of economics dealing with the performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of an economy as a whole, rather than individual markets. This includes national, regional, and global economies. With microeconomics, macroeconomics is one of the two most general fields in economics. There are two major macroeconomic theories that economists use to describe the economy. Those theories are Keynesian and Classical. 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Native American Self Determination Movement - 1441 Words

Indeed following on from this last point the Native American self-determination movement has achieved almost all of its victories without outside help. Indeed many organisations such as the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI), Native American Rights Fund (NARF) and National Alaska Native American Indian Nurses Association (NANAINA) are run by and for Native Americans and their interests. As with most civil rights movements but even more the case as Native Americans have their own sovereign citizenship, for real change to be affected there had to be self-organisation. To build on this point, the overarching aim for native activism is the abidance of treaties signed between tribes and the Federal government and the acceptance of†¦show more content†¦Hopefully this causes a ‘surge of wide-spread expressions of collective identity that challenges globalisation and cosmopolitanism on behalf of cultural singularity.’ (Castels, 1997, pp1). In which case the pr essure of wider American society to assimilate the Native Americans will subside. Although Clicktivism significantly changed Indigenous struggles over land and resources through protest and activism it is not responsible for introducing new concepts of the self and identity. The first true Native American nationalist movement was led by American Indian Movement in the 1960s and struck a different cord to the National Congress of American Indians. The first successful pan-Indian movement was the Society of American Indians (SAI) which stressed unity ignoring tribal affiliation as a factor causing division among Native Americans. Ironically this organization set up by and for Native Americans was in part caused by the education of Indian children in government run boarding schools to assimilate them. It had the reverse effect causing members of disparate tribes to become friends and allies and many of the leaders of the SAI came from these boarding schools. 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Marketing Principles based on David Jones

Question: Describe about the Marketing Principles based on David Jones? Answer: Introduction: The article states about the plan of David Jones to open more stores on boutique in order to reach their customers needs. Despite of economic instability, the customers did not stop spending on products of David Jones. According to the Chief executive of David Jones, the sector is not going to be affected with the economic downturn. The company had planned to spend around 30 million dollars for improving the stores of David Jones. The strategy of David Jones is to increase its number of stores based on the opportunity of Customers to do their shopping from David Jones. The aim of David Jones is to build departmental based stores that would have enough strength for competing in the Global forum. The use of marketing intelligence: With the help of marketing Intelligence certain data helped David Jones to build these strategies, and they are: Woolsworth Holding invested $2.1 billion to take over David Jones. A spending of about $30 billion has made a remarkable growth in year-on-year investment. There has been a 10.3% rise in operating profit of DJs within 5 months on higher margin. The online has been accounts of 3% for the sales of David Jones and out of them 6% holds the loyalty card. With these information David Jones had decided to increase their online accounts of loyalty cards to 70-80 percent. The rise in operating profit has helped the company as a good reason to increase their number of stores boutique (David Jones, 2015). The plan of David Jones: David Jones had planned to open around 10 stores for the next five years which will be based mostly on boutiques assuming that customers need a scope to shop in David Jones. This is a marketing strategy depending on the increase in customer, choices and affordability of customers following a distributional strategy (Heffernan, 2015). This strategy states that products are made available to the customers so as to increase the sale of the products (Kurtz and Boone, 2011). DJs and its Marketing Concepts: There are basically five concepts of marketing, they are- societal marketing concept, marketing concept, selling concept, product concept and production concept. For David Jones the production concept states that people will buy the products of DJ if they becomes widely available in the market, this includes geographical proximity also (Pride and Ferrell, 2014). Depending on the quality of DJ, the brand name people will spend on the products despite of economic downturn. For selling concept, the promotional strategy is to increase the Loyalty cards on Online DJ stores. The marketing Concept of DJ distinguishes its strategy in comparison to its competitors Myers. the Loyalty card customers are lower in DJ than in Myers to which DJ decided to compete with more available stores in boutique. Conclusion: The companys strategic plan is expanding their business stores within country for their customers. They focused on the fact that not only their customer needs to get easy access of their products but the customers should also know what are available in the store. More stores mean more customers buying their product. Today there is a big competition among individual stores and malls and it is very obvious that people will prefer malls over stores. It is so because in malls there the customer is getting more options to buy homogeneous product than buying limited products from one store. Both Myers and David Jones is confronting with this big challenge. References David Jones, (2015).About Us - David Jones. [online] Available at: https://www.davidjones.com.au/About-David-Jones [Accessed 19 Mar. 2015]. Heffernan, M. (2015).David Jones says retail spending up significantly, more boutiques planned. [online] The Sydney Morning Herald. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/business/retail/david-jones-says-retail-spending-up-significantly-more-boutiques-planned-20150215-13dt5z.html#ixzz3RxeMEymd [Accessed 19 Mar. 2015]. Kurtz, D. and Boone, L. (2011).Contemporary marketing. Mason, OH: South-Western, Cengage Learning. Pride, W. and Ferrell, (2014).Marketing. 17th ed. Cengage Learning, p.832.